Higgs

Luis O. de Jesús Martínez

In this course of physics we studied different types of forces that we manage with every day, they are: weigh, friction, normal force, tension and elastic force. All this forces can be visualized in an essential level, more elemental. We can say that forces are expressions of four forces or fundamental interactions. Since 20th century several scientist had tried to unify all this elemental interactions in a unique theory. These four fundamental interactions are: gravity, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force. The weak nuclear force, in contrary of the gravitational force, electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force, has a very short range. Also the mediating particles are the bosons W, Z. This takes us to define and extend what is a boson. Bosons are a type of elemental particles that exists, that is to say the smallest thing that matter decomposes. They are energy carrier and are very important in the field of quantum mechanics. 

In 1964, Peter Higgs with a group of scientists expose the Higgs Mechanism, which tries to explain the origin of the elemental particles’ mass. This particle is colorless and with no electric charge or spin, this implies that the particle does not interact with photons and glucones. However, it can interact with particles from the Model of Physics which particles have mass: quarks, charge leptons and bosons W and Z that are relatively heavy. With this, the Standard Model of Particle Physics will be completed. The discovery will help to explain the origin of the Universe too; is popularly known as the God Particle. In March 14, 2013 was partially confirmed the finding of the elemental particle, with twice the data presented on July 12, 2012. Some data have to be improved because of the complexity and speed of events (the Higg’s boson interacts in zepto seconds: 10-24 s). Making difficult to measure the mass of the Higg’s boson and other things like the parameters that depends of it: the intensity required so two bosons can interact between them and the half-life of the particle.

The discovery of this particle practically explains our origin and how nature had evolution until now. However, like Higgs says, “this does not explain everything” but opens new investigations about the cosmic origin of the Universe. The truth about this case is that fundamentals forces had been used as bases in the development of the universe. Our daily life can be explained from the point of view of the forces which are involved in everything we do day by day.