Magnetism and Electricity

Javier A. Laboy Jusino

The theme I chose to develop through this essay has a relation with the concepts: electrical field and magnetic field. The electrical field is a property of the space bordering an object charged with an originated force over other objects. The magnetic field is the one with space around the magnet where magnetic strength can be detected. I also identified differences between both concepts.

There is an interrelation between magnetic and electric fields. This relation is called electromagnetism. The magnetic field, the space around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected, is the region that influences around a permanent magnet or is associated to a variable magnetic field, including the product of the electric charges. The electric field, property of space around a charged object that originates a force over other charged objects. One magnetic field runs from the north pole of a magnet to the south pole of the magnet. The positive charged magnets repel other positive charged magnets and negative charges repel other negatives, while opposites attract. Each magnet is bordered around by a magnetic field. The intensity is defined by the potential force and distance of the magnet. When the distance is farther it will have weaker force intensity.

Most atoms with an excess amount of electrons moving around in the same direction are magnetic. This magnetism looks to be an inherent property of the material that could be due to the excess of electrons which spin is the same that its own individual atoms. The atomic magnets line up their magnetic effects in the same direction to produce magnetic dominance. Each magnetic field borders one electric current. While the electrical charges in rest have only an electrical field, the electrical charges in movement have also a magnetic field. The magnetic field exists while the current flows because the direction of the field depends on the electrical field flow and its intensity. The construction and function of an electromagnet is very important application of this concept. In an electromagnet the intensity varies by turning on or off, or by inverting the magnetic polarity. Lines of the magnetic field always form closed circuits. When a current flows through a wire it generates a magnetic camp field around that wire. When that wire is bent in a shape of a circle the current also passes through a magnetic flux, similar to a permanent magnet. When a magnetic field is put on the wire it experiences a force. The function of a galvanometer, a device used to measure small electrical currents and the base to the voltmeters and ammeters, is based on this principle. The intensity of a magnetic field is called magnetism induction. The unit for the magnetism induction is the telsa (newton/amp). An electrical motor consists of a coil placed in a magnetic field. When a current flows through the coil, it will spin thanks to the interaction between its exterior magnetic fields.

The electrical potential is the required work to move a unit of charge through an electric field. Differences between electrical potential is measured in volts. In both magnetic and electrical potential it’s defined the potential energy. The gravitational field is universal. The electric field only defines for bodies with electrical charges. The gravitational forces are always attractors. The electrical forces can attract and/or repel. The electrical field is conservatory. The magnetic camp field can be isolated by positive electrical charges. Charges in rest only can originate electrical fields in movement. The charges in movement originate electric magnetic fields. Both are inversely proportional to the square of the distance, but the electrical field is radial and magnetism is perpendicular.

In conclusion, an isolated charge generates an electrical field, while a magnetic field is generated by the flux of charges and/or electric charges through a conductor. In the actual time it is believed that the magnetic phenomenon proceeds by the originated forces in-between electrical charges in movement. We can deduce, by the actual knowledge of the matter, that the electrical charge of a body should be necessarily a multiple of the charge of the electron or proton which are similar or equal, but of different electrical charge (positive or negative). This essay was very instructive and expanded my knowledge about both concepts in a professional study view.

Bibliography

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