Big Bang

Zulma C. Figueroa Hernandez

As a civil engineer student I love physics because it explains in a “realistic way” all the matters of the humanity and our home, the planet Earth. One thing that has always caught my attention is the creation of our planet. How such a perfect and complex world was made? This is a controversial question that has been the reason of disputes all around the world. The theory that best explains this is known as the big bang. 

There are a lot of interesting theories in physics. The expansion of the universe is explained by the theory of relativity developed by the scientist Albert Einstein. When we think in an expansion, we visualize an explosion of a particle, that thought was approximately the same principle developed by the scientist George Lemaitre that introduce to the civilization the idea that the entire universe began in a single point. But why do they call it “Big Bang”? That name was given by the famous scientist Fred Hoyle. It explains that approximately 13.7 billion years ago our universe was compressed into the confines of a powerful atomic nucleus. That moment is said to be “the moment before creation, when moment space and time did not exist”. 

Scientist and Cosmetologist have developed numerous theories across history, all of them, trying to explain the creation of the universe and especially of our planet. The Big Bang theory has been developed for more than 150 years of study. The scientist that created this theory are Galileo and Copernicus. These cosmologists explain our universe creation, based on models, as an explosion of trillions of degrees in temperature created not only fundamental subatomic particles and energy but space and time itself. The model attempts to explain the origin and structure of the universe incorporating the talents of many individuals through the course of more than hundreds years of study, many times facing opposition. These investigations leads the humanity to conclude that approximately 43 seconds after the explosion, the four forces of nature; strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic and gravity were combined as a single "super force" to form elementary particles known as quarks begin to bond in trios, forming photons, positrons and netrinos and were created along with their antiparticles. The density of the Universe in its first moment of life was thought to be1094g/cm3 with the majority of this being radiation. For each billion pairs of these heavy particles that were created, one was spared annihilation due to particle-antiparticle collisions. The remaining particles constitute the majority of our universe today. During this creation and annihilation of particles the universe was undergoing a rate of expansion many times the speed of light. The term known as the inflationary epoch, explains that the universe in less than one thousandth of a second doubled in size at least one hundred times, from an atomic nucleus to 1035 meters in width. That is in essence the information that our science and technology used to look 15 billion years back in time, and see the birth of our universe.