How does a Television work regards to physics (electromagnetic wave, image rendering, cathode ray tube, etc.)

Eduardo Miguel Breijo Baullosa

In today’s advanced and developed world, television plays a vital role for the efficient and effective development in the field of communication it. Not only this, it has also become the part of entertainment in our life. At present context, we are fond of it but the saddest thing is that, most of us even don’t know how it works. We are only concerned to use it but we are never concerned to know about it practically. That is the main problem within us of being in a back position. Anyways, we all of us must know what Television is so that we must not sit quiet when someone question us about it.

Actually, television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome i.e. black and white, or colored or without accompanying sound which produces a series of tiny dots on screen that appears as an image when it is seen as whole. Most of the kinds of television work from the basic principle. A tube-type color television has three colored light guns behind the screen which are red, green and blue where strong magnets sweep the single beams back and forth across the horizontal rows from top to bottom in a lawn mowing pattern which is repeated 60 times every second to create the illusion of a solid moving picture. And, then the three colors get mixed to create any color on a tiny dot of lights on the TV screen called pixels which flashes according to a specific pattern provided by the video signal. A person’s eyes transmit this pattern to the brain, where it is interpreted as a recognizable image. The refreshing speed of patterns by television is hundreds of times per second that is faster than the view of human eye which gives the illusion of movement.

In older days, televisions rely on Cathode Ray Tube to produce images and operate analog signal which are commonly called CRT televisions. These television uses an evacuated glass envelope which is large, long from face screen to rear end and is quite heavy whose main work is to deflect and accelerate the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create fine images and it is the main reason which helps in rendering images in the television by emitting the light which is not visible to naked eye.                               

An analog television works by transferring electromagnetic waves into sound and light energy where TV box works like any receiver which takes electrical impulses in, sent from elsewhere and changes those bits of information into something which can be seen and heard by the people. Color televisions are created by mixing several beams of light which primarily works by regulating red, blue and green light in different patterns against called “phosphor sheet”. All the TVs have these sheets placed behind the glass portion of it. The difference is only that Black and White televisions have only one sheet whereas color televisions have three phosphor sheets which help for television to work instantly.

Nowadays, as technology has advanced and broadcast signals, discovery from analog to digital, plasma and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) are developed which have more compact and have crisper images than their cathode ray counterparts because they use thin grid of pixels to create images rather than a vacuum tube. We all are waiting for further development of different kind of televisions in order to be facilitated and entertained by various ways.

Possible worlds, a new frontier

Edgardo E Estavillo Torrellas

Our daily life is based on decisions, every decision have an effect, imagine every possible path one could follow result in the creation of another reality. This argument was first expose in the 50’s by the American physicists Hugh Everett with his proposal of the “Many-Worlds Interpretation,” theory supported by the quantum physics. The physics and also philosophical hypotheses break the precedent perspective of reality as a single unfolding history. The MWI theory states that in every point when there is a possibility regarding to an event the universe divides as branches in a tree. If this statement is true this means there is an infinite number of universes, since every possibility exist.

In terms of quantum theory this hypothesis phenomena could be better explain by the Schrödinger's cat paradox. This thought experiment was first executed by the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935. The test puts a cat under a dangerous situation in which the survivor of the animal will be determine by an earlier random event. The result of this experiment is supported by the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which predicts a dualistic path for the cat after the event, been simultaneously alive and dead. 

The latest contribution to this powerful and intriguing new perspective of the universe was made by the physicist and cosmologist Alan Guth. This professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave a new turn to the (MWI) in a scientific sense, by delivering to the world the inflationary universe theory. This new hypothesis tells that at the beginning of the universe there was a kind of reverse gravitational pull, which instead keeping things together, it repelled everything, this is what Guth call “false vacuum.” Guth states in his theory that when the big bang occur, this false vacuum effect began to decay and that in this process a great amount of particles were created; the same kind of particles which mark the beginning of our universe. These particles became like bubbles which the physicist believe gave birth to our universe. The tendency expose by Guth states that the more the false vacuum effect decayed the more bubbles were created. This theory will explain the existence of many universes, all apparently compose by the same properties and also build within the same laws of physics. If this theory is true the idea of the size of the universe that science community have, would dramatically increase in a way that nobody in history has thought of. Sense at this time there is no available technology that could prove this theory there still and open space for speculation of what these other universes might hold. 

At the moment any suggestion of what might be found in these other universes remains in the philosophical side. Finally, another issue here is that if we hold the universe is infinite this doesn’t necessarily mean that there exist infinite forms of arrangement in particles. So analytically, if in an infinite universe there exists define or finite array of forms in particles this theory would make a lot of sense.